GI Bleeding

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding refers to any bleeding that occurs in the digestive tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus. It can range from mild to severe and may present as visible red blood in the stool, vomit, or black vomit or stool, or may only be detected through medical testing.

While some cases of GI bleeding are minor, others may indicate a serious underlying condition that requires prompt medical evaluation.

Understanding the Digestive Tract 

The digestive tract is a continuous system that processes food and absorbs nutrients. It extends from the mouth to the anus, with the upper and lower GI tracts responsible for different stages of digestion. Bleeding can occur anywhere along this pathway, and the source often determines the cause and treatment approach.

Upper GI Bleed Causes

Bleeding in the upper GI tract (esophagus or stomach) is often linked to:

• Stomach ulcers and intestinal ulcers
• Gastritis
• Esophagitis
• Esophageal varices

Lower GI Bleed Causes

Lower GI bleeding originates in the small intestine, colon, rectum, or anus. Common causes include:

• Diverticulosis
• Hemorrhoids
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Polyps
• Fissures
• Colon cancer 

The symptoms of GI bleeding vary depending on the source and severity. You may notice:

• Dark or tarry stools are usually a sign of upper GI bleeding
• Bright red blood in your stool
• Vomiting blood or coffee ground like material
• Abdominal pain or bloating
• Weakness, dizziness, or fatigue

If you experience heavy bleeding, black stools, fainting, or vomiting blood, seek immediate medical attention.

Treatment depends on the cause, severity, and location of bleeding. Your gastroenterologist may use a combination of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures to manage it effectively. 

•  Endoscopy: Used to identify and treat bleeding in the upper GI tract. During the procedure, small instruments can cauterize bleeding vessels or remove problematic tissue.
•  Colonoscopy: Allows a direct visualization of the lower GI tract to find and treat bleeding sources such as polyps or ulcers. 

• • Capsule endoscopy- a small video camera tablet examines the small intestine not easily accessible during endoscopy and colonoscopy

• Medications: Depending on the cause, treatments may include acid-reducing medications, antibiotics for H pylori , or anti-inflammatory drugs for IBD. Sometimes phyiscal clips or cautery is used to stop bleeding
• Lifestyle adjustments: Avoiding NSAIDs, limiting alcohol, and maintaining a healthy diet can help prevent recurrence.

At NYGA, our expert team provides comprehensive evaluation and treatment for GI bleeding using the latest diagnostic technology, including endoscopy, colonoscopy, and capsule endoscopy. If you notice blood in your stool or vomit, book an appointment with one of our gastroenterologists today. A prompt evaluation can make all the difference in protecting your long-term health.