Conditions Diagnosed with Esophageal Manometry: From GERD to Achalasia

When swallowing becomes difficult, painful, or unpredictable, it can affect everything from your meals to your quality of life. Esophageal manometry is one of the most effective diagnostic tools gastroenterologists use to assess esophageal function. At NYGA, this test helps identify motility disorders, guide treatment, and provide clarity for patients experiencing chronic digestive symptoms.

What is an esophageal manometry test?

Esophageal manometry is a specialized test that measures the strength and coordination of the muscles in your esophagus. These muscles move food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions. When they don’t function properly, symptoms like difficulty swallowing, chest pain and pressure or acid reflux may appear.

How the test works 

During the procedure, a thin, flexible catheter is gently inserted through the nose and guided into the esophagus. This tube contains sensors that record muscle pressure and movement as you swallow sips of water. The test is not painful, but patients may experience temporary mild discomfort or a sensation of fullness. No sedation is required, and the test typically takes 20-30 minutes.

Why Esophageal Manometry Matters

Many digestive conditions cannot be diagnosed solely on imaging. Manometry evaluates esophageal function, something ultrasounds, CT scans, and even endoscopies cannot fully assess.

Your gastroenterologist may recommend esophageal manometry if you experience:

• Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)
• Chest pain unrelated to the heart
• Chronic acid reflux or regurgitation
• Unexplained nausea, coughing, or throat discomfort
• Difficulty tolerating solid or liquid foods

Common Conditions Diagnosed with Esophageal Manometry

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscle that keeps stomach acid from moving upward, doesn’t properly close. Manometry can assess how effectively the LES opens and closes and whether the esophagus is contracting normally. This helps distinguish GERD from other motility disorders mimicking reflux symptoms.

Achalasia

Achalasia is a rare but serious motility disorder in which the LES fails to relax, and the esophagus loses its ability to propel food downward. Esophageal manometry is the gold standard for diagnosing achalasia. It shows whether the esophagus has weak or absent contractions and how tightly the LES is restricting the passage of food. Accurate identification of achalasia ensures patients receive appropriate treatment, often dilation, Botox injections, or, in extreme cases, surgery.

What to Expect Before, During, and After the Test

Before the test

You’ll typically be asked to avoid food and drink for several hours prior. Your doctor may also provide instructions about adjusting certain medications that affect esophageal motility.

During the test

A clinician inserts the catheter, records pressure measurements, and guides you through a series of small swallows. Breathing remains normal throughout, and the procedure is performed while awake.

After the test

Most people can return to normal activities immediately. Mild throat or nasal irritation may occur, but complications are rare. Your NYGA gastroenterologist will review results and explain what they mean for your diagnosis and next steps.

When to See a Gastroenterologist for an Esophageal Manometry

If you’re experiencing persistent swallowing issues, unexplained chest discomfort, reflux symptoms that don’t improve with medication, or concerns about motility disorders, it’s time to speak with a gastroenterologist.

At NYGA, our team provides personalized care to help uncover the root cause of your symptoms and create a targeted treatment plan. Early evaluation can lead to quicker relief and prevent complications from conditions like achalasia or uncontrolled GERD.

 

Don’t wait! Prioritize your health today.