Peptic Ulcers

Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or upper portion of the small intestine. They occur when the protective lining of the digestive tract is damaged, allowing stomach acid to irritate the underlying tissue. The two most common types are gastric ulcers, which form in the stomach, and duodenal ulcers, which develop in the first part of the small intestine.

How are ulcers formed in the digestive tract?

Under normal conditions, the stomach and small intestine are protected by a mucus layer that shields them from acid. When this protective barrier is weakened or acid production increases, the lining becomes vulnerable to injury. Over time, repeated irritation can result in an ulcer.

Most peptic ulcers are caused by a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection or the long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin or ibuprofen.

Other contributing factors may include smoking, excessive alcohol use, severe stress, and certain medical conditions that increase acid production.

Symptoms vary depending on the size and location of the ulcer. Some people experience mild or intermittent discomfort, while others develop more severe symptoms. Common signs include burning or gnawing abdominal pain, bloating, early fullness during meals, nausea, and indigestion.

In more serious cases, ulcers may bleeding which may cause black or tarry stools, vomiting blood, unexplained weight loss, or anemia. These symptoms require immediate medical attention.

Diagnosing a peptic ulcer begins with a review of symptoms and medical history. Your gastroenterologist may recommend an upper endoscopy, which allows direct visualization of the stomach and small intestine and enables tissue sampling if needed.

Additional testing may include breath, or stool tests to detect H. pylori.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Ulcers related to H. pylori are treated with antibiotics combined with acid-suppressing medications. NSAID-related ulcers require stopping or adjusting the medication and using acid-reducing therapy to promote healing.

Lifestyle changes such as avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol, and managing stress can support recovery and reduce the risk of recurrence. Most ulcers heal successfully with proper treatment, but follow-up care is important to ensure complete healing.

When should you see a gastroenterologist for peptic ulcers?

You should see a gastroenterologist if you experience persistent upper abdominal pain, frequent indigestion, or symptoms that worsen over time. Immediate evaluation is necessary if you notice signs of bleeding in vomit or stool, severe pain, or unexplained weight loss.

At NYGA, our team uses advanced diagnostic tools and evidence-based treatments to manage peptic ulcers effectively. Schedule an appointment today to receive expert care and protect your long-term digestive health.