Pancreatitis

The pancreas is a vital organ located behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, including insulin, to regulate blood sugar. Pancreatitis occurs when digestive enzymes are activated within the pancreas rather than the small intestine, leading to inflammation and damage to pancreatic tissue.

Understanding pancreatitis: Acute vs. chronic

• Acute pancreatitis develops suddenly and is often severe, but it may resolve with prompt medical treatment. Symptoms typically include intense upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. If untreated if can progress to severe systemic inflammation, sepsis and even organ failure.
• Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term condition marked by repeated inflammation. Over time, it can lead to permanent damage, digestive problems, and diabetes. Symptoms may be more subtle but persistent, including ongoing abdominal pain, weight loss, and oily or foul-smelling stools.

How the pancreas functions

In normal digestion, the pancreas releases enzymes that help break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. It also produces hormones that regulate glucose levels. When inflammation interferes with these processes, digestion and blood sugar control can be affected.

Gallstones

Gallstones are one of the leading causes of acute pancreatitis. When a gallstone blocks the pancreatic duct, digestive enzymes can back up into the pancreas, causing sudden inflammation. Treating gallstones or removing the gallbladder is usually necessary to prevent recurrence.

Alcohol use and lifestyle factors

Excessive or long-term alcohol use is a significant cause of chronic pancreatitis. Alcohol can damage pancreatic cells and alter enzyme secretion, increasing the risk of repeated inflammation. Even moderate drinking may worsen symptoms in people with existing pancreatic disease. Other contributing factors may include high triglyceride levels, certain medications, abdominal trauma, infections, and genetic conditions.

Less common causes of pancreatitis include high triglyceride levels in the blood and some genetic causes of autoimmune pancreatitis.

Abdominal pain

Upper abdominal pain is the most common symptom and may radiate to the back. Pain is often severe, persistent, and may worsen after eating.

Nausea

Many patients experience ongoing nausea due to inflammation and impaired digestion.

Vomiting

Vomiting frequently accompanies nausea and abdominal pain, especially during acute episodes.

Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the condition. Acute pancreatitis often requires hospitalization for IV fluids, pain management, and temporary bowel rest. Addressing underlying causes, such as gallstones or alcohol use, is critical to preventing recurrence.

Chronic pancreatitis may require long-term management, including pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, dietary changes, medications for pain control, and monitoring for complications. Nutrition support is often an essential part of care.

With a multidisciplinary approach, NYGA focuses on relieving symptoms, managing underlying causes, and protecting long-term digestive health.

If you’re experiencing persistent abdominal pain, nausea, or have been diagnosed with pancreatitis, schedule an appointment with NYGA today to receive expert care from one of NYC’s leading gastroenterology practices.